What is brush border cell?

A brush border cell, also known as a microvillus cell or simply a microvillous cell, is a specific type of epithelial cell found in the lining of the small intestine. These cells contain microvilli, which are small finger-like projections on the surface of the cell that increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients.

The brush border cells have many functions, including the absorption of nutrients such as sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids. They are also responsible for secreting digestive enzymes such as lactase, sucrase, and maltase. These enzymes break down complex sugars into simpler forms that can be easily absorbed by the body.

In addition to their critical role in nutrient absorption, brush border cells also play an important role in the immune system. They are able to recognize and respond to pathogens, including bacteria and viruses, by releasing substances that help to fight infection.

Overall, brush border cells are essential for the absorption and processing of nutrients in the small intestine, as well as for maintaining a healthy immune system.